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Horse-mounted heroes in ancient spirit worship

August 16, 2022 (updated August 16, 2022) Published by
#Tulunadu-Research-and-Stories

Many people believe that ghost worship is exclusively practised in coastal Tulunad (also known as “Bhutrdhane”) and Kerala (also known as “Teyyam”). The continuance and development of the spirit religion into a complex art form in these areas contributes to the perception.
The early historical societies were rife with the primordial cult of worshipping the spirits of their deceased mass heroes under the preposterous notion that powerful souls live on after death. One of the first spirits to be worshipped in the early civilizations between 2000 and 500 BC was the spirit of Brahma, which was drawn from the folk hero Abraham.Around 500 BC, migrant Tulu tribes and their allies brought the Bermer (Brahma) cult from the northwest Indian subcontinent to the Karavali (coastal Karnataka), which would later become their homeland, the Tulunadu. The Tulu Bermer was initially pictured as a horse-riding hero, most likely one with a beard like Abraham. Halakki and other tribes of the Uttara Kannada district kept Bommayya (also known as Brahma) in the same horse-riding hero role. The early Tulu tribes’ migration path passes via the Uttara Kannada region.

Riding a horse comes to mind The figure of Bermer was used to represent several later-added spirits of that era. Bermer was a dominant religion and notion for several succeeding centuries. In the area, there was still spirit worship.In the early centuries of the Christian era, spirit worship was common in southern India. The Deccan region’s Khandoba and Mallanna are ghosts from that era. The pictures of the horse-riding heroes portrayed these spirits.

Khandoba is a legendary spirit god who was first revered in Maharastra by shepherds and hunters. The folk deity or spirit is also referred to as Malhari Martand, Khanderao, and Khanderaya. The comparable spirit is known as Mallanna in Andhra Pradesh, and he has also gone by the names Mallappa, Mallaya, Mallara, and Mailara Linga in Karnataka. Khandoba, Khanderao, or Mallappa’s initial representation was that of a hero galloping on a horse (or a bull as a later modification).

A possible 5th century AD hero turned spirit named Mundittaya is also shown in Tulunadu as a horse-riding spirit. It’s possible that Mundittaya represents a hero from the Munda tribe that ruled the coastal region in early historical times.
Between the 6th and 10th centuries AD, Shiva worship rose to prominence, and during this time, the Kandoba/Mallappa ghost was reinterpreted as Mrtanda Bhairava, a Shiva manifestation. A lingam was used to represent Mailara Linga.

It appears that Dravidian tribes who came to southern India and lived in the present-day Tamilnad, likely between the years 500 and 100 BC, also brought the Shiva religion or Shaivism to that region.

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